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In this topic, I am attracted to the sub-topic "Home environment affect student's education". It is true that parental education influences the learning progress of children at school. For example, educated parents can provide their children with advices regarding academic matters and career paths since they have already gone through the same education process. Most educated parents also has a good relationship with their children in which they can change ideas among themselves and listen to their child's opinion on education.

Unlike, less-educated parents, they tend to put less effort of monitoring their children's academic achievement. For them, getting stable jobs and incomes are their main priority. Pursuing study in higher education only cause them to spend more money rather than saving it. Hence, the children tend to drop out from school at such young ages or their education level only stopped at lower secondary school.

Aside from family socioeconomic status, the role of school also influences the students' determination to do well in education. However, school can also become the first unit that reinforces inequality between rich and poor students. The main question is 'How do school reinforces inequality among students?'.

Firstly, through tracking system. Tracking is segregating students into different classrooms based upon their academic ability. The tracking system was used for teachers to provide them with a level of curriculum and instruction that is appropriate their needs. In short, students were divided into separated classes according to their level of academic which bring more disadvantages for them, as they cannot improve themselves. In the end of the day, students with lower socioeconomic status ended up in vocational and remedial tracks as well as students with ethnic minority-background.

Lastly, through ability grouping system in primary school, which use a similar concept with tracking system. However, teachers usually use it for reading and Mathematic subjects. Ability Grouping can be defined as an educational approach that places students in groups based on academic achievement. As a result, students may develop low self-esteem and have a mindset of getting average score as their maximum target.

To recapitulate, all authorities should play their roles in reducing inequality of education so that every students get the opportunity to succeed in future.

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Social class can be defined as the divisions in society based on economic and social status. The social class has existed since the ancient times which is the reality slaps for society especially on education. The existence of social class give more privileges to upper class than the lower as mentioned in previous topic on Conflict Theory (by Karl Marx). However, in countries such as Malaysia, the students from lower class has opportunity in education to change their family's fate by performing excellently in examinations, getting the scholarships, pursue tertiary education, and finally, getting an offer for permanent job.

Nevertheless, there are some conditions which the students are given opportunities to study in early education but stop in the middle of way such as learned helplessness, vicious circle, and low self-esteem. These types of students often drop out from school early to help their parents earning some money. In this case, their main focus was to have a better financial instead of better education, but let's think a while on the importance of education. If the students not in a hurry to earn a living and get support from parents and teachers in education, of course they will finish their education in the right way. Thus, the roles of parents, teachers. schools and government to some extent help the students to change their mindset or stigma of education.

Even though, some parents could not provide better facilities and environment for their child at home, the best thing that they can do for their children is support and monitor their child's learning progress. With the assistance of homeroom teacher, parents could guide their children and give them moral supports in their learning process. Moreover, the government of Malaysia has provide many initiatives for education such as SPBT (Textbook Loan Scheme), where the students could use learning materials for free, and BPPM (Student Travel and Transportation Assistance) for students who lives in rural areas - which is hard to get an access for transportation.

In conclusion, the fate of certain social class lies in their own hands. It is up to the students (with learned helplessness, vicious circle and low self-esteem) to decide for their own future. The best thing everyone in his surrounding (parents, teachers, society, and government) can do is to provide moral supports, attentions, incentives and initiatives for them in education. It is him who need to change his mindset to become successful.

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In this topic, I have learned about Malaysia's political background, Politics and Educational Politics, National Economic Policy, and Dualism in Education. I believe integrating knowledge between Islamic education and modern education can form an excellent education system for the country.

However, in Malaysia, we have four different schools that separate the races; National School, Chinese Vernacular School, Indian Vernacular School, and International Private School. Each school has a different education system. For example, the National School implements the public examination, SPM, as a ticket to further studies in higher education. Meanwhile, the International and Chinese schools got additional tests such as IGCSE (The International General Certificate of Secondary Education) and UEC (The Unified Examination Certificate). Even though they have their own examinations, they must take SPM to pursue their studies in local universities.

In my opinion, if the government aims to produce a patriotic and harmonious generation, they must invest more in national schools. For instance, upgrading the school facilities, providing more educational resources and necessities. In this case, we must look up to the management of a Chinese school, in which the Parents and Teachers Organisation (similar to PIBG) are active in providing funds for the comfort of their children's learning atmosphere at school.

It's been years that the school has received fewer funds from the government to upgrade the school facilities. How about we start from these small acts in order to gain trust from other races to register their children in national schools.

Aside from that, instead of learning subjects such as 'Sivik dan Kewarganeraan' and 'Pengajian Am' theoretically, it is better for the school to encourage their students to involve in community services, co-curriculum activities which involves other races. That is when they can learn about other cultures & differences and learn to respect them.

To sum up, it took a few changes in the education system to create a better society. Hence, school plays an important role as social agent for the harmonious environment in a society.

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In this topic, I would like to share three Western theories and perspectives on Education. Unlike the Islamic perspectives that combined Materialism and Spiritualism in their education, the Western views focused on the value of Materialism only.

In short, the students from elite families have more opportunities to have a high-paying job than the working class.

The first theory was introduced by Karl Marx (1818-1883) is the Conflict Theory. In this theory, those with the most resources have more power and authority over others. As a result, those with less power live in inequality and power struggles.

Karl Marx labeled the upper class as bourgeoisie and the working class as the proletariat. The working class is affected the most as their only source of income is from the elites, who own businesses to earn a profit, while the proletariat works for wages.

The Conflict theory also happened in school, where the school administrations pay more attention and give opportunities to rich students and students with excellent academic achievement in education than the 'naughty' students. Naugty is a standard label for students with poor families who make trouble in school and fail in all subjects.

Next, the Functionalist Theory of Emile Durkheim. This theory seems to be more optimistic and unrealistic than the previous theory. The theory is structural and emphasizes shaping people's behavior through socialization.

Besides, the theory of functionalism aims to achieve the shared goals of society. However, the theory did not focus on the possibility of conflicts happening within the society. This is why the functionalist theory is unrealistic.

As for the education institution setting, the school helps all students regardless of their family background in achieving their dream to pursue study in higher education and prepares them for real-world & jobs.

Lastly, the Post-Modernist View. The Post-Modernist View is focusing on the rapid change & uncertainty in society. For example, the family structure now is different from the previous era. Some students have no parents, or divorced parents, etc. Some have to support themselves for education since they have absent parents.

To recapitulate, society now is less stable, more fragmented, and fast-changing. The role of parents in educating their children from the past was shifting to the responsibility of the school. Now, the school is in charge of observing the development of students in both academic and curriculum aspects.

The Post-Modernist View proposes an up-to-date version of the education system in accordance with the change in the structure of society. Hence, the education system presents a diversity between the students and helps them individually with diverse teaching methodology; High-level thinking, Research involvement, Cooperation learning, Differentiation of instruction, Service experiences, and Characteristics education.

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The terms religion and education are related to one another and cannot be separated as religious teaching contain education, and education needs spiritual value in it to make the knowledge meaningful for man, both in life and Hereafter.

Why does Religion closely associate with Education?

Based on the definition of religion: "A system of beliefs, practices and philosophical values shared by a group of people; It defines the holiness, helps explain life, and offers salvation from the problems of human existence." (Henry L. Tischler 1999).

To recapitulate, religion helps clarify the meaning of life and influences man's point of view. For example, when a man sticks to one philosophical view that is consistent and has scripture/holy book to refer to, e.g. Islam, he will live a valuable journey of life without thinking that education is a waste of time.

Allah mentioned the position of people who seeks knowledge in Surah Al-Mujadalah, verse 11.

(11) وَإِذَا قِيلَ ٱنشُزُوا۟ فَٱنشُزُوا۟ يَرْفَعِ ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ مِنكُمْ وَٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُوا۟ ٱلْعِلْمَ دَرَجَـٰتٍ ۚ وَٱللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرٌ

Meaning: And when you are told, "Arise, " then arise; Allah will raise those who have believed among you and those who were given knowledge, by degrees. And Allah is Aware of what you do.

Next, the characteristics of religions such as universality, ancient, continuity, and control help in turning education into life-long learning for students. In short, religions are the caretakers of education.

Last but not least, Islamic scholars such as Ibn Sina, Al-Ghazali, Ibn Khaldun, and Al-Farabi are the greatest example of successful learners with spiritual value. Although they were majors in their specialization, e.g. Ibn Sina masters medicine and a Muslim philosopher, they managed to fulfill their responsibility as Khalifah in Islam.

Thus, Islamic values and teachings cannot be separated from education because it makes humans more human (as religion helps in controlling man's behavior).

Before I end my reflection, I am interested in one of the Muslim scholar's ideas on education, Imam Al-Ghazali. In his views on education, he advised the educators to pay attention to students' conduct rather than the good speech alone. As educators, we might only see the outcomes of students (grades & achievement). However, we must also observe their progress in achieving the results.

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Today's session was started off with a quote from William Butler Yeats; "Education is not the filling of a pail, but the lighting of a fire". Dr. Majid explained the real purpose of education, which is not only a process of receiving information but also focusing on how the children can utilize and practice the knowledge in real situations.

As for the Islamic context, the Muslims must have the intention to achieve the ultimate goals of education, to be a better Khalifah (vicegerent) and leaders to the future generations. When the students have a wider view on education, they will not easily lose interest and passion in their learning journey since nowadays, students pursue their studies in higher education with materialistic purposes such as aiming for higher-paying jobs.

Therefore, as a future teacher, myself, I should find a way to make education more effective and interesting, also be attentive by supporting my students so that they can find their true passion. That is the reason why socialization in school institutions is essential.

School is one of the main social institutions besides government, family, religion, and social media. School is a social organization established to transfer values of community, society, or a nation through the planned educational experiences to the younger generation.

Based on my high school experience, I can vouch that children learn communication skills in school. The existence of multicultural, races and religion in school, help the students to know each other culture as school is an agent for cultural development. It prepares individuals for a real-life situation and is enriched by different cultures.

Moreover, school is not only expected to establish a balance between itself and life but it is also expected to accelerate social changes. Thus, a positive school climate brings a positive impact to both teachers and students.

In Malaysia, we have national schools that involve different types of ethnic groups under the same school system. Hence, the unity between races is a very sensitive issue as we have different cultures, belief systems, and languages.

Education in Malaysia emphasis the socialization between races, as stated in the Malaysian Education Blueprint; to create a system where students have opportunities to build these shared experiences and aspirations that form the foundation for unity.

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Before I started my reflection on today's topic, it is essential for us, educators to understand the term Sociology and Education itself before discussing it in depth. Sociology comes from the Latin word 'socios' which means 'companion', meanwhile 'logos' in Greek means 'the study of'. Thus, sociology is the study of companionship or social relations. While education means the process of acquiring knowledge through a concrete system. Therefore, the Sociology of Education is a branch of sociology that analyses the issues and problems that arise within society and education.

Understanding educational sociology helps educators to design strategic educational activities and build effective teaching and learning methods.

Throughout the session, Dr. Majid explained how, social forces, economic forces, political forces, and technological development affect the students in their education journey.

On social forces, the study has found that family income, family type, family size, and parents' education play important roles in determining the quality of education received by the children. Based on the research made, most children from the working class (the poor and minority ethnic family) have a less satisfactory level of academic performance, while the children from the rich and middle class have excellent school performance.

Next, on the economic forces, it can be seen that developed and newly industrialized countries could provide a better education for free. On the contrary, the countries with low income and rely on agriculture have fewer opportunities in pursuing education.

Besides, in the political forces, education has been regarded as the main agent for the political socialization of the young into the national political culture. Education has also been a major factor in the selection and training of political leaders. This is not something new, as the interference of politics has occurred since the period of colonial administration.

Last but not least, we also discussed technological development and its effect on education. We cannot deny that technology helps in improving education. For example, better access for the source and self-paced study. However, it also has disadvantages as students can be distracted by other applications or websites on the internet which interfere with their academic performance.

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UNGS 1201

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: ISSUES, PRINCIPLES, AND PRACTICES

SEMESTER 1, 2020/2021

SECTION 11

NAME: NOR NAFISA HIDAYAH BINTI MOHD NAZRIN

MATRIC NO: 2018096

LECTURER: ASST PROF. DR. IRINA SAFITRI ZEN

Title: Mental Health Issues among society.

Recently, several sensitive news regarding suicide, murder of family members, domestic violence, and child abuse during the pandemic shook the entire Malaysian mass media. There are many reactions from society on the suicide issue. Some showed empathy towards the victims, while some blamed the victims for carelessly managing his emotions and only following his lust desires. This indicates that mental health issues among Malaysian citizens still taboo and become one of the challenges in our society. They still lack awareness regarding the importance of mental health; unlike other countries, the issue is gaining a place among its citizens. The government itself is sensitive to the number of suicide cases each year.

Besides, the lack of education and awareness on the issue is because of negative stigma spreading among the citizens where mental health patients tend to be labeled as crazy people. Moreover, the parents who have mentally sick children are ashamed to admit that their child is sick. They do not act fast by sending them for professional treatments. Instead, they went for traditional or spiritual therapies while assuming that evil spirits stay in their children's bodies that made their children overthink and have illusions. Hence, the mental illness issue has a negative connotation that contributes to societal stigma, resulting in this issue not being handled from the start and receiving adequate care (Norkumala Awang, 2019).

Furthermore, mental illnesses are not all about depression. The community fails to identify the differences between schizophrenia, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Bipolar Disorder, Multiple Personality Disorder, and others as parts of mental illnesses that need attention. This is why suicide and perhaps murder cases increase year by year because we neglect even the tiny chances of mental illnesses as the contributor to these cases.

Luckily, in September 2015, mental health issues were recognized and included in the Sustainable Development Agenda under goal No. 3, which emphasis on ensuring healthy lives and promote well-being for all people of all ages (“Mental health included in the UN Sustainable Development Goals,” 2016). With the inclusion of mental health in Sustainable Development Goals, the focus on mental health issues is increasing as the objectives of the Comprehensive Mental Health Action Plan (2013-2030) is to provide more social care services for mental health fighters, implementing strategies for the promotion and prevention in mental health and strengthen information systems, evidence and research for mental health (Comprehensive mental health action plan 2013-2020-2030, 2018).

In conclusion, the government's involvement in spreading awareness on mental health issues and the establishment of specific global frameworks by influential bodies are essential as they hold the power to educate the public. In return, Malaysian society will gradually become more aware of this matter and move on with the negative stigma of mental illnesses. We need to be reminded that mental health patients are not hungry for attention, but all they need is public support and understanding regarding their condition. The normalization of mental health awareness should become more active through public services such as Suicide Prevention Hotline, Mental Health Awareness Day, and Talk Session with Parents with a mentally ill child. Thus, the country not only becomes the first country to succeed in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals by the year 2030 but also succeeds in molding a caring society that helps in preventing regrettable events among beloved ones.

References

Mental health included in the UN Sustainable Development Goals. (2016). World Health Organization. https://doi.org//entity/mental_health/SDGs/en/index.html

Norkumala Awang. (2019, November 6). Pesakit mental perlu didekati, beri sokongan. Berita Harian; Berita Harian. https://www.bharian.com.my/kolumnis/2019/11/625452/pesakit-mental-perlu-didekati-beri-sokongan

Comprehensive mental health action plan 2013-2020-2030. (2018). Who.int. https://www.who.int/initiatives/mental-health-action-plan-2013-2030

Abdul Gani, D. F. (2021, September 10). Hari Pencegahan Bunuh Diri Sedunia: Bekerja bersama untuk mencegahnya. Astroawani.com. https://www.astroawani.com/berita-malaysia/hari-pencegahan-bunuh-diri-sedunia-bekerja-bersama-untuk-mencegahnya-258675

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Assalamualaikum w.b.t

Today I would like to share my insight on the second week's topic of Sustainable Development.

As we know, basic needs such as food and water wastage have become common habits in our society, especially among Malaysians. These bad habits become more severe during the pandemic of Covid-19, where the government announced the first Movement Control Order (MCO) in March 2020.

Did you all remember, after the MCO announcement, some Malaysians went on panic buying from shopping malls to the regular mini market. Many necessities & foods like bread, eggs and tissues run out due to panic buying.

This scenario is a nightmare for the poor family as they went to the market and find out the shelves is empty. Nothing was left behind.

Moreover, many have lost their jobs while some of them had their salaries cut due to quarantine leave. This situation is very sad and needs to be taken care of not only by the government but by society itself.

Islam has taught us to be moderate in any situation whether in daily expenses and consumption of daily necessities.

As Allah says in the Holy Quran (7:31):-

۞ يَـٰبَنِىٓ ءَادَمَ خُذُوا۟ زِينَتَكُمْ عِندَ كُلِّ مَسْجِدٍۢ وَكُلُوا۟ وَٱشْرَبُوا۟ وَلَا تُسْرِفُوٓا۟ ۚ إِنَّهُۥ لَا يُحِبُّ ٱلْمُسْرِفِينَ

O Children of Adam! Dress properly whenever you are at worship. Eat and drink, but do not waste. Surely He does not like the wasteful.

In this Surah, Allah also mentioned about corruption. Thus, as Muslim, we should refrain ourselves from making mischief on the earth.

۞ وَلَا تُفْسِدُوا۟ فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ بَعْدَ إِصْلَـٰحِهَا وَٱدْعُوهُ خَوْفًۭا وَطَمَعًا ۚ إِنَّ رَحْمَتَ ٱللَّهِ قَرِيبٌۭ مِّنَ ٱلْمُحْسِنِينَ

Do not spread corruption in the land after it has been set in order. And call upon Him with hope and fear. Indeed, Allah’s mercy is always close to the good-doers.

The corruption here means the damage mankind do to this earth like wastage of natural resources, urban development and so on.

Back to our main intention. What is the relation between panic buying and food wastage that I mentioned?

According to SWCorp Malaysia (Solid Waste and Public Cleansing Management Corporation), the household sector contributes 44.5 per cent of Malaysia's daily food waste, which totals 16,667.5 tons.

About 24 per cent of the food waste, or 4,005 tons, is still edible, enough to feed 2,970,000 people for three days.

SUCH A HUGE AMOUNT OF WASTE which we can actually give to the needy people out there.

However, as I learned this week's topic, I figure out that when we, as a community realizes the role of Islam in our daily life. We do not dare to waste anymore. Islam has set a systematic guideline for its believers to be followed. For example, the usage of water during Wudhu'.

Let's take a look at this video!

In short, we may save the world for the new generation, IF only we started to realize that we play the biggest role not only for the environment but also for the ummah.

Before I end my sharing today, I will attach a video that will make you understand the Principles to Sustainable Development in Islam.

Wallahu'alam.

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Assalamualaikum w.b.t.

Dear beloved readers,

It's been a long time since my last entry where I was showing off my digital photo masterpieces 👀 but.. nevermind. It's a part of my study journey though, and like always, I hope every single piece (lol) of my journey through ODL (Online Distance Learning) will inspire you.

Remember that we're in this together!

Alright. Back to my main intention of posting an update today. Based on the title above, what do you think I will share? (I will give you a second or two to think about it).

Times up!

Yes, I would like to share with you something greeny, calming, windy yet concerning matters in today's world.

Sustainable Development

What is Sustainable Development?

Sustainable Development is the idea that human societies must live and meet their needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Meanwhile, the simpler definition of Sustainable Development is a way of organizing society so that the environment and natural resources could be preserved for the long term.

For your information, sustainable development is not just a way to spread awareness to society about the importance of preserving the flora and fauna, but it is how the human, the environment and the economic interconnected with one another to achieve the ultimate goals of Sustainable Development which called 17 SDGs. Thus, we can live not only in a better world but also manage to provide a better life for every people.

What is 17 Sustainable Development Goals (17 SDGs)?

The 17 goals of Sustainable Development was proposed by the United Nations (UN) with its mission to balance our economic, environmental, and social needs, and allowing prosperity for now and future generations.

The goals are as following: -

In order to achieve these 17 goals, everyone must play their roles: involving an individual, government, non-government, public associations and others, contributing their ideas and efforts to achieve the goals by exploring on how to develop Sustainable Development for the long term period.

It can be by looking for possible consequences when making a decision on certain aspects. This is because if we were taking one wrong step, it could lead to destruction and chaos in society.

In conclusion, each party has their respective responsibilities towards sustainable development. Therefore, as individuals who love the environment and as well as loving the comfort of the modern technology era, we must be the driving force or catalyst for a better change of the world. By making one small change such as spreading the awareness of environmental importance towards society, we are able to achieve the 17 goals of Sustainable Development suggested by the United Nations (UN).

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Hi guys! How are you today? I hope everything is fine.

Next week, I mean starting tomorrow Monday, I will be having a semester break for a week.

But honestly, semester break does not feel like a break. It is a lecture-free week to give students sufficient time to complete their assignments.

By the way, today, I am going to share with you my new hidden talent hahaha. Try to guess!

(The model in these pictures is my brother.)

Yes, the answer is Mobilegraphy (although you can already guess it through the post's title).

What is Mobilegraphy?

Mobilegraphy is a combination of the words 'mobile' and 'photography'.

credit to: https://twitter.com/igersmalaya/status/639771681980940290

Anyone can do mobilegraphy with their phone. It is not necessary to have an expensive phone model to have such talent. The most important part is you have the interest to start the hobby.

Actually, I just started doing mobilegraphy yesterday 😂 because I was interested to participate in a competition organized by BEDSA but turned out I pass the registration deadline. Plus, yesterday was the winners' announcement day.

Not my rezki to join it, I thought.

Anyway, I would like to share with you a platform, where you can sell your masterpieces online and get some side incomes. I got this information from one of my Facebook friends, and I can confirm that it is legit and trusted. You guys can try it but you have to go through some photo evaluation before you can start selling it as stock photos.

So, here is the website of the platform I mentioned earlier, 'Shutterstock'.

How to sign up as a contributor?

Firstly, register like you usually do.

Then, you have to verify your email.

Next, the website will ask for your home address for mailing purposes, since you will be getting some side incomes, you are required to do so.

Finally, you are ready to introduce your masterpieces to the world.

As I told you earlier, there will be a photo evaluation before submitting your works.

The basic conditions you must fulfill before submitting:-

The pictures must be at least 4 megapixels.
It is recommended to send your works in JPEG format.

I am new to mobilegraphy, so I am kind of nervous to join something as big as this platform but for sure I will update my blog if I got my first buyer 😁

That's all my sharing for today. If you are fond or want to try something new like this and nobody to share with, do share it with me. I will reply to it as fast as possible. You may ask my opinion on your new hobbies. I am more than grateful if you guys do so.

Lastly, have a nice day everyone 🤞❤

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